Professor Bartoszewski believed that we all have a duty to oppose what violates our sense of honesty and justice. We have such a duty, but not everyone always has the courage to act in accordance with these principles. Władysław Bartoszewski had this courage and gave multiple testimonies to it at various stages of his life. He was a member of the Council for Aid to Jews ("Żegota") established in 1942 in occupied Poland based on the decision of the Polish Government in Exile. Not everyone remembers today that involvement in saving Jews from certain death at the hands of the German occupier was associated with mortal danger not only for the person saving, but also for their entire family. "People, mostly Jews, often ask me if I was not afraid while rescuing the persecuted," wrote Bartoszewski. I answer them that I was terribly afraid because deciding to rescue Jews, I stood on the stage surrounded by tigers and jackals, criminals and helpers of criminals. I sometimes ask myself these questions: did I really do enough? And if I could have saved one or two more people, and I didn't do it? However, I claim that no one is a judge in their own case, so no one can say that they could not do more. The older I get, the more convinced I am that this is the right, true answer". His internal moral compass and determination not to accept evil and human injustice gave Bartoszewski the strength to expose himself and actively oppose the criminal authority. He did this during the war, when the perpetrators of crimes in occupied Poland were people who appealed to racism and Hitler's national socialism. He also opposed the ideology of Stalinism after the war, which became the basis for the imposed rule in Poland based on repression, terror, and fear. Bartoszewski remained himself and remained fearless. He guided his life by Christian principles and values. He returned to the words directed to him by Rev. Jan Zieja after his release from Auschwitz: "Do not pity yourself, because God saved you not to ponder your difficulties and problems, but first, to bear witness to the truth, and second, to know how terrible people's fate can be. And in the face of this, to do what you can to protect other people from such horrors". The words of this great priest became a guiding light for Bartoszewski throughout his life. He repaid the inflicted evil with good. He advocated for reconciliation between Poland and Germany. In this respect, he became a one-man institution. After the terrible experiences of a prisoner in Auschwitz, after the times when he risked his own life to save the lives of others, after actively participating in the Warsaw Uprising - after the war - he continued to oppose the resurgence of anti-Semitism and anti-Jewish outbreaks. For his opposition to the imposed dictatorship and involvement in shaping the democratic order in Poland, he was again imprisoned - from 1946 to 1954 he was imprisoned twice with a break in 1948-49. In his speech to the Bundestag - on the fiftieth anniversary of the victory over Germany - he spoke about those experiences with his characteristic self-irony: "dictators simply did not like me, and quite reciprocally". In the eyes of his contemporaries, Władysław Bartoszewski set standards for courage, morality in public life, and decency. He encouraged attitudes imbued with civil courage. He advocated for new generations to instill the belief that it is worth sticking to their principles - even when it is painful and difficult. With his life, he confirmed that it is worth being decent. For several generations, he was a kind of lighthouse that permanently marked the dividing line between good and evil in sailing through life. Adam Daniel Rotfeld